Since various studies have suggested that insect biomass has declined about 75% in recent decades, one could say that there were four times as many insects. Large biomass losses also occurred in the time earlier (agricultural revolution, as e.g. described in Rachel Carlson's book 'Silent Spring'). The 75% loss refers to the latest decades only. How many insects were there around 1900 or before? Why is there so little data?
Seit verschiedene Studien nahegelegt haben das in den letzten Jahrzehnten 75% der Biomasse der Insekten zurückgegangen ist, kann man im Umkehrschluss sagen das es davor vier mal so viele Insekten gab. Große Verluste gab es in der Zeit davor auch schon (Agrarrevolution, wie z.B. beschrieben in Rachel Carlsons Buch 'Der stumme Frühling'). Der Verlust von 75% bezieht sich auf die letzte Phase. Wie viele Insekten gab es um 1900 oder davor? Warum gibt es so wenig Daten?
You may have tried this yourself, trying to photograph a nice landscape with the moon during the twilight hours in the evening or morning. For a landscape like this you need a tripod and a long exposure time. The moon being many times brighter needs a very short exposure time. In cases with such brightness differences you normally make an exposure series as shown here (with tripod!) and use high dynamic range techniques and exposure stacking which is nowadays quite straightforward to use. However with the moon and a bright planet (Mars, or Venus) below the moon this does not work for several reasons:
As I will explain here, there is a 'dirty' solution to this problem, which is not as realistic as exposure stacking, but gives a result that is quite true to the experience of the viewer. In short: the washed out moon needs to be cleaned (and not as bright), as well as planets and stars visible as stripes. From the end of the exposure series you copy in a layer and set it to blend mode 'lighten'.
This new Photoshop technique will allow you to remove any erratic, chaotic background patterns, caused by old printing machines ('random dotted pattern') or visible paper structures (fibers, depths), with the least possible blur. Note that there are various methods for recovering halftone prints from newspapers or color magazines (with the fast fourier transformation method) covered elsewhere. The images have in common that they show at the highest zoom a kind of chaotic leopard pattern. What you would like to do is to lighten the spots, and darken the background, so that they merge to a uniform color. The difficulty is to get a selection that is exactly right.
Many years ago I saw a "dark rainbow". A perfect bow, a dark curved band in the air, the same width and same shape as a normal rainbow. It was appearing in the south, where the dim sun also appeared, around 11:00 am. Later that day, my social network confirmed that others had seen this mysterious phenomenon as well. Mysterious indeed; nobody knew what it was or what could be the physical explanation! I contacted several meteorologists by email, but I never received an answer. All those years, none of the meteorological books that came in my hands provided a even the smallest clue... What could it have been?!!
Nach langer Zeit habe ich unser Whiteboard in der Küche mal komplett sauber gemacht, und dabei zwei Worterfindungen aus 2020 weggewischt, die ihre eigene Geschichte haben.
When I visited the Italian Alps for a scientific project on the effect of climate and land use change on pollinators, I tried to re-picture some of the sites I found on historical photos. Here are some of the results.
You're right - and you can fix it! It is just the wear of a part; a piece of metal that lost it's tension! I found this solution on this page by Nigel, who gets the credits:
http://www.redferret.net/?p=31008
This trick does not only safe money, it also safes electronic waste, and you can repeat it over and over again! I had to do it about twice a year, and it worked for about 6 times, extending the life of my mouse for three years!!! I found this so great that I decided to make a quick manual myself, to share with you.
Basteln mit Essen macht viel Spaß. Diese Teller mit Bienen, Käfer und Libellen sind eine farbige Angelegenheit geworden, und schmeckten zudem gut!
Die Anleitung hatte auf Englisch geschrieben und später als deutsche Version als Pdf illustriert. Ihr findet diese HIER.
Die Schritte sind einfach.
1. Blätter Sammeln und Trocknen
2. Sortieren in groß und klein und nach symmetrie
3. Der große Kreis aus 6 Blätter basteln
4. Der kleine Kreis aus 3 Blätter basteln
5. Der kleine Kreis auf dem großen Kreis kleben. Mit 2 Papierscheiben, 1x vorne und 1x hinten, geht das einfacher.
6. Aufhängen
################################_ ### Load packages and functions, set working directory #### ################################_ setwd("C://.../specieslistsR") #install.packages("taxize") #install.packages("dplyr") require(taxize) #for connecting to gbif species lists require(dplyr) #for bind_rows # a nice function for removing accidential spaces at end of species name trimendspace <- function (x) sub("\\s+$", "", x) ################################_ ### Read files #### ################################_ #DATAFILES list_vV <- read.table ("VanVeen_species_list.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",", encoding = "utf-8") #encoding is relevant when OCR on scanned documents was performed head(list_vV) for (i in c(1:5)) {list_vV[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(list_vV[,i]))} list_vVadd <- read.table ("vanVeen_Addendum.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",", encoding = "utf-8") head(list_vVadd) for (i in c(1:1)) {list_vVadd[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(list_vVadd[,i]))} list_Ba <- read.table ("Bartsch_species_list.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",", encoding = "utf-8") head(list_Ba) for (i in c(1:5)) {list_Ba[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(list_Ba[,i]))} list_CH <- read.table ("checklist_CH.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",", encoding = "utf-8") head(list_CH) for (i in c(1:3)) {list_CH[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(list_CH[,i]))} list_DE <- read.table ("checklist_DE.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",", encoding = "utf-8") head(list_DE) for (i in c(1:5)) {list_DE[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(list_DE[,i]))}
#function for consulting Gbif and putting the right information in a dataframe
#with the species list copied to 'Gbifask'
func.GbifQuery <<- function()
{
#get current status for a list of species from gbif
listOfResults <<- get_gbifid_(Gbifask)
cat("\n", file = "gbifunknown.txt", append = F) #File for species names without retuns; F: clean file
#put data in dataframe
for (i in c(1:length(specieslist)))
{
if(i==1) # first entry used to start new dataframe
{
#first entry is the exact match if any present
#Gbifid <- listOfResults[[i]][1,]
listOfResults[[i]][,"enteredname"] <<- names(listOfResults[i])
Gbifid <<- listOfResults[[i]]
} else # second an further are added to dataframe by bindrows
{
if(length(listOfResults[[i]][])>0) # all valid entries
{
listOfResults[[i]][,"enteredname"] <<- names(listOfResults[i])
Gbifid <<- bind_rows(Gbifid, listOfResults[[i]])
} else # species unknown to gbif, write to file diectly
{
cat("\n", names(listOfResults[i]) ,file = "gbifunknown.txt", append = T)
}
}
}
}
#function for corrections with synonym lists
func.correctlists <<- function() {
speciescorrect <<- 0
for (i in c(1:nrow(CorrectionList))) #go through list with synonyms
{
for (Listname in ToCorrect) #go through series of lists to correct
{
Specieslist <<- get(paste(Listname))
speciescorrect <<- as.character(CorrectionList[i, "OldGenSpec"])
if(length(Specieslist[Specieslist$GenSpec==speciescorrect, "GenSpec"])>0)
{
#first save old name
if(correctiontype=="Synonym")
{Specieslist[Specieslist$GenSpec==speciescorrect, "SynSpec"] <<- as.character(CorrectionList[i, "OldGenSpec"])}
#than replace
Specieslist[Specieslist$GenSpec==speciescorrect, "GenSpec"] <<- as.character(CorrectionList[i, "NewGenSpec"])
}
assign(paste(Listname), Specieslist, inherits = TRUE)
}
}
}
#Merge the species lists
speciesbind <- bind_rows(list_vV, list_vVadd, list_Ba, list_CH, list_DE)
speciesbind <- speciesbind[order(speciesbind$GenSpec),]
#remove duplicates
#which full species names (with authority) are duplicated?
speciesauthoritiesduplicated <- speciesbind[duplicated(speciesbind$FullGenSpec),"FullGenSpec"]
#remove them
set1 <- speciesbind[-which(speciesbind$FullGenSpec %in% speciesauthoritiesduplicated),]
#check what remains:
speciesduplicated <- set1[duplicated(set1$GenSpec),"GenSpec"]
set1[which(set1$GenSpec %in% speciesduplicated),"FullGenSpec" ]
#make the species list. In our case all duplicates were Authority spelling variations
specieslist <- unique(speciesbind$GenSpec)
#Now find the synonyms
Gbifask <- specieslist
func.GbifQuery() #returns Gbifid
# which entry has no exact match?
# get list of entries which have an exact match
matchingnames <- Gbifid[Gbifid$matchtype=="EXACT", ]
matchingnameslist <- matchingnames[,c("enteredname")]
#get a list of entries which have a fuzzy match
unresolvednames <- Gbifid[Gbifid$matchtype=="FUZZY", ]
#reduce the fuzzy list; filter out entries that also have an exact match
unresolvednames <- unresolvednames[-which(unresolvednames$enteredname %in% matchingnameslist), ]
#save this list, these are possible typos making them unrecognizable for GBIF
namestosave <- unresolvednames[,c("enteredname", "scientificname", "canonicalname","species","matchtype")]
write.table(namestosave, "possibletypos.txt", row.names = FALSE, col.names = TRUE, sep = "\t", dec=".")
### now replace typos in all lists with correction function ###
#load correction file
corrections <- read.table ("TypoCorrection.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",")
head(corrections)
for (i in c(1:2)) {corrections[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(corrections[,i]))}
ToCorrect <- c("list_vV","list_vVadd","list_Ba","list_CH","list_DE")
CorrectionList <- corrections
correctiontype <- "Typo"
func.correctlists()
#Merge species lists
speciesbind <- bind_rows(list_vV, list_vVadd, list_Ba, list_CH, list_DE, list_SA)
speciesbind <- speciesbind[order(speciesbind$GenSpec),]
specieslist <- unique(speciesbind$GenSpec)
#get current status for species from Gbif and put in dataframe
Gbifask <- specieslist
func.GbifQuery() #returns Gbifid
### Identify synonyms and evaluate thoroughly ###
#having solved all Fuzzy returns without an accepted counterpart in the data in the previous step, we now only have fuzzy returns which can be ignored, because they have a recognized valid name as well
#the names remaining are species with exact match with either synonym false and synonym true
#in first instance you would try to get the synonyms in this way:
resolvenames <- Gbifid[Gbifid$matchtype=="EXACT" & Gbifid$synonym==TRUE, ] #list of names marked as synonym
namestosave1 <- resolvenames[,c("enteredname", "scientificname", "canonicalname","species")]
#however this also lists all other known synonyms that are not relevant here.
#the list needs to be reduced to the names that were originally entered - and see which of those ar now considered synonyms
getnames <- namestosave1[, "enteredname"]
resolvenames2 <- Gbifid[which(Gbifid$enteredname %in% getnames), ] #reduce Gbifid
resolvenames3 <- resolvenames2[resolvenames2$matchtype=="EXACT", ] #retain those labelled as exact match
namestosave2 <- resolvenames3[,c("enteredname", "scientificname", "canonicalname","species", "synonym")]
write.table(namestosave2, "synonymsfromgbif.txt", row.names = FALSE, col.names = TRUE, sep = "\t", dec=".") # save this table
# Prepare new columns and variables
synonyms1 <- read.table ("Synonyms1.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",")
head(synonyms1)
for (i in c(1:2)) {synonyms1[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(synonyms1[,i]))}
ToCorrect <- c("list_vV","list_vVadd","list_Ba","list_CH","list_DE")
CorrectionList <- synonyms1
correctiontype <- "Synonym"
func.correctlists()
#Merge species lists
speciesbind <- bind_rows(list_vV, list_vVadd, list_Ba, list_CH, list_DE, list_SA)
speciesbind <- speciesbind[order(speciesbind$GenSpec),]
specieslist <- unique(speciesbind$GenSpec)
#get current status for species from Gbif and put in dataframe
Gbifask <- specieslist
func.GbifQuery() #returns Gbifid
#get list of species names with exact match
matchingnames <- Gbifid[Gbifid$matchtype=="EXACT", ]
matchingnameslist <- matchingnames[,c("enteredname")]
#get unresolved names
unresolvednames <- Gbifid[Gbifid$matchtype!="EXACT", ]
#filter out those with exact match
unresolvednames <- unresolvednames[-which(unresolvednames$enteredname %in% matchingnameslist), ]
#save unresolved names to file
namestosave <- unresolvednames[,c("enteredname", "scientificname", "canonicalname","species","matchtype")]
write.table(namestosave, "gbifunclear.txt", row.names = FALSE, col.names = TRUE, sep = "\t", dec=".")
# open gbifunknown.txt and gbifunclear.txt and edit as spreadsheet
# there are probably more misspellings and/or synonyms to resolve
# make a new file with synonyms, name it Synonyms2.txt
# replace synonyms
synonyms2 <- read.table ("Synonyms2.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",")
head(synonyms2)
for (i in c(1:2)) {synonyms2[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(synonyms2[,i]))}
ToCorrect <- c("list_vV","list_vVadd","list_Ba","list_CH","list_DE")
CorrectionList <- synonyms2
correctiontype <- "Synonym"
func.correctlists()
#challenge: some accepted species names have multiple synonyms that need to be merged
#Merge species lists
speciesbind <- bind_rows(list_vV, list_vVadd, list_Ba, list_CH, list_DE)
speciesbind <- speciesbind[order(speciesbind$GenSpec),]
speciesbind <- speciesbind[!is.na(speciesbind$GenSpec),]
#make unique species list
#specieslist <- unique(speciesbind[, c("GenSpec","SynSpec")]) #does not work: many duplicate entries
specieslist <- unique(speciesbind$GenSpec)
#deal with multiple synonyms
speciessynonyms <- unique(speciesbind[speciesbind$SynSpec!="0", c("GenSpec","SynSpec") ])
specieslistwithdouble <- speciessynonyms[duplicated(speciessynonyms$GenSpec),c("GenSpec")]
#merge synonyms
specieswithdouble <- setNames(as.data.frame(specieslistwithdouble),c("GenSpec"))
specieswithdouble$DSynSpec <- as.character("0")
for(i in c(1:nrow(specieswithdouble)))
{
allsynonyms <- paste(as.character(speciessynonyms[speciessynonyms$GenSpec==specieslistwithdouble[i] & !is.na(speciessynonyms$GenSpec),c("SynSpec")], sep=","))
syncombi <- NULL
for (j in c(1:length(allsynonyms)))
{
if(j==1)
syncombi <- paste0(allsynonyms[j])
else syncombi <- paste0(syncombi,", ", allsynonyms[j])
}
specieswithdouble[i,"DSynSpec"] <- syncombi
}
#replace single synonyms with double synonyms
for (i in c(1:nrow(specieswithdouble)))
{
speciessynonyms[speciessynonyms$GenSpec==specieswithdouble[i, "GenSpec"] & !is.na(speciessynonyms$GenSpec), "SynSpec"] <- as.character(specieswithdouble[i, "DSynSpec"])
}
#reduce duplicates
speciessynonyms <- unique(speciessynonyms)
speciessynonyms <- speciessynonyms[!is.na(speciessynonyms$GenSpec) ,]
#merge species list with synonyms
speciestable <- merge(setNames(as.data.frame(specieslist),c("GenSpec")), speciessynonyms, by="GenSpec", all.x = TRUE)
#add Genus name, work with string splitting
#strsplit(specieslist, " ")
speciestable$Genus <- 0
for (i in c(1:nrow(speciestable)))
{
speciestable[i,"Genus"] <- strsplit(as.character(speciestable$GenSpec), " ")[[i]][1]
}
#Get fresh Authority names
Gbifask <- specieslist
func.GbifQuery() #returns Gbifid
getnames <- Gbifid[(Gbifid$matchtype=="EXACT" & Gbifid$synonym==FALSE),c("enteredname", "scientificname") ]
length(specieslist)-nrow(getnames) #some, because of one reversed name change
authority <- setNames(Gbifid[Gbifid$matchtype=="EXACT", c("enteredname", "scientificname") ] ,c("GenSpec", "ScientificName"))
speciestable <- merge(speciestable, authority, by="GenSpec", all.x = TRUE, all.y = FALSE)
#authorities not available from Gbif, get from own input files
getAuthority <- speciestable[is.na(speciestable$ScientificName), "GenSpec"]
if(length(getAuthority)>0) #if(nrow(getAuthority)>0)
{
getAuthority <- setNames(as.data.frame(getAuthority), c("GenSpec"))
# here Scaeva selenetica does not occur in the list, take the other name?
getAuthority$ScientificName <- list_vV[list_vV$GenSpec==getAuthority$GenSpec, "FullGenSpec"]
for (i in c(1:nrow(getAuthority)))
{ genspec <- getAuthority[i,"GenSpec"]
ScientificName <- getAuthority[i,"ScientificName"]
speciestable[speciestable$GenSpec==genspec, "ScientificName"] <- ScientificName
}
}
#check double authorities
speciestable[duplicated(speciestable$GenSpec),c("GenSpec","ScientificName")]
speciesauthoritiesduplicated <- speciestable[duplicated(speciestable$GenSpec),"GenSpec"]
speciestable[which(speciestable$GenSpec %in% speciesauthoritiesduplicated),]
#from the returned list, choose which to remove
listofnamestoremove <- c("Cheilosia griseiventris Vujic, 1994","Eristalis lineata Wahlberg, 1843",
"Eumerus argyropus Doleschall, 1857","Eumerus ruficornis Macquart, 1829",
"Merodon rufus (Macquart, 1835)", "Microdon analis Curran, 1940",
"Microdon myrmicae", "Paragus quadrifasciatus Say, 1824",
"Rhingia rostrata Scopoli, 1763", "Sphaerophoria interrupta Jones, 1917")
#remove them
speciestable <- speciestable[-which(speciestable$ScientificName %in% listofnamestoremove),]
#check if certain authorities were given to multiple species
speciestable[duplicated(speciestable$ScientificName),c("GenSpec","ScientificName")]
#cleanup: remove one non-meaningfull entry:
speciestable <- speciestable[speciestable$GenSpec!="Cheilosia melanura ssp. Rubra",]
# add year of description
speciestable$ID_Year <- 0
for (i in c(1:nrow(speciestable)))
{
speciestable[i,"ID_Year"] <- substr(strsplit(as.character(speciestable$ScientificName), ", ")[[i]][2], 1, 4)
}
# now see which species is in which list
#KEY van Veen
speciestable$Key_vVeen <- ifelse(speciestable$GenSpec %in% list_vV$GenSpec, "y", "n")
speciestable$Key_vVeen <- ifelse(speciestable$GenSpec %in% list_vVadd$GenSpec, "A", speciestable$Key_vVeen)
#Genus completely covered? #Make table with species per genus and 'no' counts
vVeensum <- setNames(as.data.frame(table(speciestable[speciestable$Key_vVeen=="n","Genus"])), c("Genus", "NumOfNo"))
speciestable$Key_vVeenGen <- ifelse(speciestable$Genus %in% vVeensum$Genus, "n", "y")
#KEY Bartsch
speciestable$Key_Bartsch <- ifelse(speciestable$GenSpec %in% list_Ba$GenSpec, "y", "n")
#Genus completely covered? #Make table with #species per genus and 'no' counts
Basum <- setNames(as.data.frame(table(speciestable[speciestable$Key_Bartsch=="n","Genus"])), c("Genus", "NumOfNo"))
speciestable$Key_BartschGen <- ifelse(speciestable$Genus %in% Basum$Genus, "n", "y")
#Checklists CH, DE, S-A
#Switzerland
speciestable$PA_CH <- ifelse(speciestable$GenSpec %in% list_CH$GenSpec, "p", "a")
speciestable$KeyCH <- ifelse( (speciestable$Key_vVeen=="n" & speciestable$Key_Bartsch=="n" & speciestable$PA_CH=="p"), "n", "y")
speciestable$KeyCH <- ifelse( (speciestable$PA_CH=="a"), "-", speciestable$KeyCH)
#Germany
speciestable$PA_DE <- ifelse(speciestable$GenSpec %in% list_DE$GenSpec, "p", "a")
speciestable$KeyDE <- ifelse( (speciestable$Key_vVeen=="n" & speciestable$Key_Bartsch=="n" & speciestable$PA_DE=="p"), "n", "y")
speciestable$KeyDE <- ifelse( (speciestable$PA_DE=="a"), "-", speciestable$KeyDE)
#small optic correction:
speciestable$SynSpec <- as.character(speciestable$SynSpec)
speciestable$SynSpec <- ifelse(is.na(speciestable$SynSpec), "-", speciestable$SynSpec)
speciestable <- speciestable[ , c("GenSpec", "Genus", "SynSpec", "Key_vVeen", "Key_vVeenGen","Key_Bartsch", "Key_BartschGen", "PA_CH","KeyCH", "PA_DE", "KeyDE") ]
# "ScientificName","ID_Year" can be added in subsequent step
#FIN
write.table(speciestable, "SyrphidSpecies&Keys&Presence.txt", row.names = FALSE, col.names = TRUE, sep = "\t", dec=".")
# track more misspellings similarspecies <- as.data.frame(specieslist) similarspecies$specieslist <- as.character(similarspecies$specieslist) similarspecies$short <- substr(similarspecies$specieslist, 1, nchar(similarspecies$specieslist)-5) templist <- similarspecies[duplicated(similarspecies$short), "short"] similarspecies[similarspecies$short %in% templist,]
# check for double species names accepted under different genera
# similarnames <- as.data.frame(speciesbind[, c("GenSpec", "Genus", "Species")])
similarnames <- as.data.frame(specieslist)
# add Genus name and species name, work with string splitting
similarnames$Genus <- 0
similarnames$Species <- 0
for (i in c(1:nrow(similarnames)))
{
similarnames[i,"Genus"] <- strsplit(as.character(similarnames$specieslist), " ")[[i]][1]
similarnames[i,"Species"] <- strsplit(as.character(similarnames$specieslist), " ")[[i]][2]
}
similarnames$short <- substr(similarnames$Species, 1, nchar(similarnames$Species)-2)
doublenames <- similarnames[duplicated(similarnames$short), "short"]
doublenamestable <- similarnames[similarnames$short %in% doublenames,]
doublenamestable[order(doublenamestable$short),]
# I also recommend to do new Gbif Queries
# You can use an extra file for replacement "Extra synonyms.txt"
# Or do manual replacements like this:
speciestable [speciestable $GenSpec=="Merodon subfasciatus", "GenSpec"] <- "Merodon cinereus"
# "Doubtfull species" can be removed like this
list_Chei <- read.table ("Cheilosia.txt",na.strings="NA",head=T,sep="\t", dec=",")
head(list_Chei)
for (i in c(1:4)) {list_Chei[,i] <- trimendspace(as.character(list_Chei[,i]))}
# Or remove species manually
speciestable <- speciestable[speciestable$GenSpec!="Eumerus emarginatus",]
| Pflanze | Wissenschaftlicher Name | Familie | Unterstützung von: | Bienenkenner Favorit? | Nektarmenge | Pollenmenge (/Wert) | Früh- blüher | Lang- blüher |
| Ziergartenblumen | ||||||||
| Acker-Hundskamille | Anthemis arvensis | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Korn-Flockenblume | Centaurea cyanus | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | ja | mittel | hoch | ||
| Mädchenaugen | Coreopsis picta | Asteraceae | mittel | mittel | ||||
| Mädchenaugen | Coreopsis tinctoria | Asteraceae | mittel | hoch | ||||
| Schmückkörbchen | Cosmos bipinnatus | Asteraceae | ungeeignet | ja | mittel | hoch | ||
| Gewöhnliche Sonnenblume | Helianthus annuus | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Cosmidium Brünette | Thelesperma burridgeanum | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Wegerichblättrige Natternkopf | Echium plantagineum | Boraginaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Schöterich | Erysimum spec. | Brassicaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | wertvoll | |||
| Gewöhnliche Nachtviole | Hesperis matronalis | Brassicaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Strand-Silberkraut | Lobularia maritima | Brassicaceae | niedrig | niedrig | ||||
| Judas-Silberling (Einjähriges-Silberblatt) | Lunaria annua | Brassicaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Strandlevkoje | Malcolmia maritima | Brassicaceae | niedrig | mittel | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Sommerflieder | Buddleja davidii | Buddlejaceae | Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Kartäuser-Nelke | Dianthus carthusianorum | Caryophyllaceae | ja | |||||
| Schleierkraut | Gypsophila elegans | Caryophyllaceae | mittel | mittel | ||||
| Heidekraut | Calluna vulgaris | Ericaceae | Hummeln, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Lerchensporn | Corydalis spec. | Fumariaceae | wertvoll | ja | ||||
| Kriechender Günsel | Ajuga reptans | Lamiaceae | Hummeln | ja | ||||
| Roter Lein | Linum grandiflorum | Linaceae | ungeeignet | ja | niedrig | mittel | ||
| Kalifornische Mohn | Eschscholzia californica | Papaveraceae | ungeeignet | ja | niedrig | hoch | ||
| Klatsch-Mohn | Papaver rhoeas | Papaveraceae | viele Bienenarten, Hummeln | ja | niedrig | hoch | ja | |
| Persischer Ehrenpreis | Veronica persica | Plantaginaceae | niedrig | niedrig | ||||
| Gewöhnliche Grasnelke | Armeria maritima | Plumbaginaceae | ja | |||||
| Jungfer im Grünen (Schwarzkümmel) | Nigella damascena | Ranunculaceae | mittel | hoch | ||||
| Weiße Resede | Reseda alba | Resedaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Garten-Resede | Reseda odorata | Resedaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gold-Schafgarbe | Achillea filipendula | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Zwiebelgewächse | ||||||||
| Berg-Lauch | Allium montanum | Liliaceae | Maskenbienen | ja | ||||
| Runden Lauch | Allium rotundum | Liliaceae | Maskenbienen | ja | ||||
| Kugelköpfiger Lauch | Allium sphaerocephalon | Liliaceae | Maskenbienen | ja | ||||
| Traubenhyazinthe | Muscari spec. | Liliaceae | Frühlingsbienen | ja | ||||
| Breitblättriger Dolden-Milchstern | Ornithogalum umbellatum | Liliaceae | Schmetterlinge | ja | ja | |||
| Heil-/Gewürzkräuter | ||||||||
| Echte Kamille | Matricaria recutita | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Echte Johanniskraut | Hypericum perforatum | Hypericaceae | ja | |||||
| Echter Ysop | Hyssopus officinalis | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Echter Salbei | Salvia officinalis | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Muskatteller-Salbei | Salvia sclarea | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten, Holzbienen | ja | ||||
| Bergbohnenkraut | Satureja montana | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Zitronen-Thymian | Thymus citridorus | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Thymian | Thymus spec. | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | ja | ||||
| Gewürz-Thymian | Thymus vulgaris | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Nutzpflanzen | ||||||||
| Küsten-Salzkraut | Salsola kali | Amaranthaceae | ja | |||||
| Gewöhnlicher Pastinak | Pastinaca sativa | Apiaceae | ||||||
| Garten-Boretsch | Borago officinalis | Boraginaceae | viele Bienenarten, Hummeln | |||||
| Raps | Brassica napus | Brassicaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Schmalblättriger Doppelsame (Rucola) | Diplotaxis tenuifolia | Brassicaceae | ja | |||||
| Senf | Sinapis spec. | Brassicaceae | Hummeln, viele Bienenarten | ja | niedrig | niedrig | ||
| Echtes Seifenkraut | Saponaria officinalis | Caryophyllaceae | ||||||
| Echte Luzerne | Medicago sativa | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen, Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Gemüse-Spargel | Asparagus officinalis | Liliaceae | ||||||
| Saat-Lein | Linum usitatissimum | Linaceae | viele Bienenarten | |||||
| Bäume und Sträucher | ||||||||
| Ahorn | Acer spec. | Aceraceae | Frühlingsbienen | wertvoll | ja | |||
| Berberitze | Berberis spec. | Berberidaceae | wertvoll | ja | ||||
| Erle | Alnus spec. | Betulaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Birke | Betula spec. | Betulaceae | Mauerbienen, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | wertvoll | ja | |||
| Gewöhnliche Hasel | Corylus avellana | Betulaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | wertvoll | ja | |||
| Heckenkirsche | Lonicera spec. | Caprifoliaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Gewöhnliche Hainbuche | Carpinus betulus | Corylaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | ||||
| Heidelbeere (Blaubeere) | Vaccinium myrtillus | Ericaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | ja | ||||
| Trunkelbeere | Vaccinium uliginosum | Ericaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Gewöhnlicher Blasenstrauch | Colutea arborescens | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Besenginster | Cytisus scoparius | Fabaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen), Bienen | |||||
| Gewöhnlicher Goldregen | Laburnum anagyroides | Fabaceae | Mauerbienen | |||||
| Rot-Buche | Fagus sylvatica | Fagaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | ||||
| Eiche | Quercus spec. | Fagaceae | Mauerbienen, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | wertvoll | ja | |||
| Alpen-Johannisbeere | Ribes alpinum | Grossulariaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Rote Johannisbeere | Ribes rubrum | Grossulariaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Stachelbeere | Ribes uva-crispa | Grossulariaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Walnuss | Juglans spec. | Juglandaceae | Mauerbienen | |||||
| Linde | Tilia spec. | Malvaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | x | ||||
| Gewöhnliche Esche | Fraxinus excelsior | Oleaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | wertvoll | ja | |||
| Gewöhnlicher Liguster | Ligustrum vulgare | Oleaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Gewöhnliche Fichte | Picea abies | Pinaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | ||||
| Faulbaum | Frangula alnus | Rhamnaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Zwergmispel | Cotoneaster spec. | Rosaceae | wertvoll | ja | ||||
| Weißdorn | Crataegus spec. | Rosaceae | Frühlingsbienen, Schmetterlinge | ja | wertvoll | ja | ||
| Echte Quitte | Cydonia oblonga | Rosaceae | ||||||
| Kultur-Apfel | Malus domestica | Rosaceae | Mauerbienen | ja | ||||
| Wild-Apfel | Malus sylvestris | Rosaceae | Mauerbienen | wertvoll | ja | |||
| Süß-Kirsche (Vogel-Kirsche) | Prunus avium | Rosaceae | Frühlingsbienen | ja | ja | |||
| Kirsch-Pflaume | Prunus cerasifera | Rosaceae | Frühlingsbienen | ja | ||||
| Pflaume (Zwetschge) | Prunus domestica | Rosaceae | Frühlingsbienen, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | ||||
| Trauben-Kirsche | Prunus padus | Rosaceae | Frühlingsbienen, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | ||||
| Späte Trauben-Kirsche | Prunus serotina | Rosaceae | ||||||
| Kirsche | Prunus spec. | Rosaceae | Frühlingsbienen, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | wertvoll | ja | |||
| Gewöhnliche Schlehe | Prunus spinosa | Rosaceae | Frühlingsbienen, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | ja | |||
| Hunds-Rose | Rosa canina | Rosaceae | ||||||
| Rose | Rosa spec. | Rosaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | ||||
| Brombeere/Himbeere | Rubus spec. | Rosaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen, Hummeln, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Eberesche (Vogelbeere) | Sorbus aucuparia | Rosaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Pappel | Populus spec. | Salicaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | ||||
| Weide | Salix spec. | Salicaceae | Frühlingsbienen, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | ja | wertvoll | ja | ||
| Ulme | Ulmus spec. | Ulmaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Wildblumen Wiese | ||||||||
| Wiesen-Kerbel | Anthriscus sylvestris | Apiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnliche Möhre | Daucus carota | Apiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | niedrig | niedrig | ||
| Gewöhnliche Bärenklau | Heracleum sphondylium | Apiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Garten-Ringelblume | Calendula officinalis | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | mittel | hoch | |||
| Wiesen-Pippau | Crepis biennis | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Kleinköpfige Pippau | Crepis capillaris | Asteraceae | kein | mittel | ja | |||
| Dach-Pippau | Crepis tectorum | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Gewöhnliches Ferkelkraut | Hypochaeris radicata | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | hoch | mittel | ja | |
| Steifhaariger Löwenzahn | Leontodon hispidus | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | hoch | mittel | ||
| Acker-Vergissmeinnicht | Myosotis arvensis | Boraginaceae | niedrig | kein | ja | |||
| Hügel-Vergissmeinnicht | Myosotis ramosissima | Boraginaceae | ja | |||||
| Wiesen-Schaumkraut | Cardamine pratensis | Brassicaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Wiesen-Glockenblume | Campanula patula | Campanulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Rundblättrige Glockenblume | Campanula rotundifolia | Campanulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Tauben-Skabiose | Scabiosa columbaria | Caprifoliaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | ja | ||||
| Wiesen-Witwenblume | Knautia arvensis | Dipsacaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | ja | ||||
| Zypressen-Wolfsmilch | Euphorbia cyparissias | Euphorbiaceae | ja | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Hufeisenklee | Hippocrepis comosa | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen, Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Wiesen-Platterbse | Lathyrus pratensis | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Hornklee | Lotus corniculatus | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen, Schmetterlinge | ja | niedrig | mittel | ||
| Weiße Steinklee | Melilotus albus | Fabaceae | Hummeln | ja | ||||
| Gelbe Steinklee | Melilotus officinalis | Fabaceae | Hummeln | ja | ||||
| Futter-Esparsette | Onobrychis viciifolia | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Kleiner Vogelfuß | Ornithopus perpusillus | Fabaceae | ||||||
| Wiesen-Salbei | Salvia pratensis | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Zweijährige Nachtkerze | Oenothera biennis | Onagraceae | ||||||
| Scharfer Hahnenfuß | Ranunculus acris | Ranunculaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen | ja | mittel | mittel | ||
| Knolliger Hahnenfuß | Ranunculus bulbosus | Ranunculaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen | ja | ||||
| Kriechender Hahnenfuß | Ranunculus repens | Ranunculaceae | Mauerbienen | mittel | mittel | |||
| Hahnenfuß | Ranunculus spec. | Ranunculaceae | Mauerbienen | |||||
| Gamander-Ehrenpreis | Veronica chamaedrys | Scrophulariaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | niedrig | |||
| Acker-Stiefmütterchen | Viola arvensis | Violaceae | ja | |||||
| Wildstauden | ||||||||
| Gewöhnliches Bitterkraut | Picris hieracioides | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Flachblättiger Mannstreu | Eryngium planum | Apiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnliche Schafgarbe | Achillea millefolium | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | niedrig | mittel | |||
| Färber-Hundskamille | Anthemis tinctoria | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Feld-Beifuß | Artemisia campestris | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Ochsenauge | Buphthalmum salicifolium | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Wiesen-Flockenblume | Centaurea jacea | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | ja | ||||
| Schwarze Flockenblume | Centaurea nigra | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | hoch | hoch | |||
| Skabiosen-Flockenblume | Centaurea scabiosa | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Rispen-Flockenblume | Centaurea stoebe | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Gewöhnliche Wegwarte | Cichorium intybus | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Wasserdost | Eupatorium cannabinum | Asteraceae | Schmetterlinge, Bienen | |||||
| Strohblume | Helichrysum spec. | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Wollige Strohblume (var. Schwefellicht) | Helichrysum thianshanicum | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Mausohr-Habichtskraut | Hieracium pilosella | Asteraceae | ja | |||||
| Habichtskraut | Hieracium spec. | Asteraceae | Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Schwertalant | Inula ensifolia | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Frühe Margerite | Leucanthemum vulgare | Asteraceae | mittel | hoch | ||||
| Großes Flohkraut | Pulicaria dysenterica | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Herbst-Schuppenlöwenzahn | Scorzoneroides autumnalis | Asteraceae | mittel | hoch | ||||
| Rainfarn | Tanacetum vulgare | Asteraceae | ja | |||||
| Großer Bocksbart | Tragopogon dubius | Asteraceae | ja | |||||
| Acker-Krummhals | Anchusa arvensis | Boraginaceae | viele Bienenarten | |||||
| Gewöhnliche Ochsenzunge | Anchusa officinalis | Boraginaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Schmalblättriges Lungenkraut | Pulmonaria angustifolia | Boraginaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Weiches Lungenkraut | Pulmonaria mollis | Boraginaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Geflecktes Lungenkraut | Pulmonaria officinalis | Boraginaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | wertvoll | |||
| Beinwell | Symphytum spec. | Boraginaceae | wertvoll | |||||
| Kelch-Steinkraut | Alyssum alyssoides | Brassicaceae | Frühlingsbienen | ja | ja | |||
| Felsen-Steinkraut | Alyssum saxatile | Brassicaceae | Frühlingsbienen | ja | ja | |||
| Steinkraut | Alyssum spec. | Brassicaceae | Frühlingsbienen | ja | ||||
| Blaukissen | Aubriecia deltoidea | Brassicaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Bleicher Schöterich | Erysimum crepidifolium | Brassicaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Pfirsichblättrige Glockenblume | Campanula persicifolia | Campanulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Glockenblume | Campanula spec. | Campanulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Rote Lichtnelke | Silene dioica | Caryophyllaceae | mittel | mittel | ja | |||
| Weiße Lichtnelke | Silene latifolia | Caryophyllaceae | mittel | mittel | ||||
| Breitblättrige Lichtnelke | Silene latifolia | Caryophyllaceae | ||||||
| Nickendes Leimkraut | Silene nutans | Caryophyllaceae | Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Ohrlöffel-Leimkraut | Silene otites | Caryophyllaceae | ||||||
| Taubenkropf-Leimkraut | Silene vulgaris | Caryophyllaceae | Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Gewöhnliches Sonnenröschen | Helianthemum nummularium | Cistaceae | ja | |||||
| Scharfer Mauerpfeffer | Sedum acre | Crassulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Fetthenne | Sedum spec. | Crassulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Spinnwebiger Hauswurz | Sempervivum arachnoideum | Crassulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Hauswurz | Sempervivum spec. | Crassulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Wald-Platterbse | Lathyrus sylvestris | Fabaceae | ja | |||||
| Knollen-Platterbse | Lathyrus tuberosus | Fabaceae | ja | |||||
| Sichel-Luzerne | Medicago falcata | Fabaceae | ja | |||||
| Hauhechel | Ononis spec. | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Hasen-Klee | Trifolium arvense | Fabaceae | ja | |||||
| Feld-Klee | Trifolium campestre | Fabaceae | ja | |||||
| Rot-Klee | Trifolium pratense | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen, Hummeln, Schmetterlinge | niedrig | niedrig | |||
| Weiß-Klee | Trifolium repens | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen | niedrig | niedrig | |||
| Persischer Klee | Trifolium resupinatum | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Schmalblättrige Wicke | Vicia angustifolia | Fabaceae | ja | |||||
| Vogel-Wicke | Vicia cracca | Fabaceae | mittel | niedrig | ||||
| Behaarte Wicke | Vicia hirsuta | Fabaceae | niedrig | niedrig | ||||
| Platterbsen-Wicke | Vicia lathyroides | Fabaceae | ja | |||||
| Zaun-Wicke | Vicia sepium | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnliche Schwarznessel | Ballota nigra | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten, Mauerbienen | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Dost | Origanum vulgare | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | mittel | niedrig | |||
| Gewöhnliche Braunelle | Prunella vulgaris | Lamiaceae | mittel | niedrig | ||||
| Woll-Ziest | Stachys byzantina | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Heil-Ziest | Stachys officinalis | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Sumpf-Ziest | Stachys palustris | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Aufrechter Ziest | Stachys recta | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Wald-Ziest | Stachys sylvatica | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gamander | Teucrium spec. | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Blutweiderich | Lythrum salicaria | Lythraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Echter Eibisch | Althaea officinalis | Malvaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Spitzblatt-Malve | Malva alcea | Malvaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Moschus-Malve | Malva moschata | Malvaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | mittel | hoch | ||
| Wilde Malve | Malva sylvestris | Malvaceae | viele Bienenarten | |||||
| Drüsige Weidenröschen | Epilobium ciliatum | Onagraceae | mittel | niedrig | ja | |||
| Berg-Weidenröschen | Epilobium montanum | Onagraceae | niedrig | niedrig | ja | |||
| Punkt-Gilbweiderich | Lysimachia punctata | Primulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gilbweiderich | Lysimachia spec. | Primulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Gilbweiderich | Lysimachia vulgaris | Primulaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Echte Schlüsselblume | Primula veris | Primulaceae | ja | |||||
| Busch-Windröschen | Anemone nemorosa | Ranunculaceae | Frühlingsbienen | wertvoll | ||||
| Gewöhnliche Waldrebe | Clematis vitalba | Ranunculaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Silber-Fingerkraut | Potentilla argentea | Rosaceae | ja | |||||
| Gewöhnliches Frühlings-Fingerkraut | Potentilla tabernaemontani | Rosaceae | ja | ja | ||||
| Hügel-Meier | Asperula cynanchica | Rubiaceae | ||||||
| Labkraut | Galium spec. | Rubiaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | niedrig | niedrig | |||
| Gewöhnliches Leinkraut | Linaria vulgaris | Scrophulariaceae | ||||||
| Kleiner Klappertopf | Rhinanthus minor | Scrophulariaceae | ||||||
| Windblumen-Königskerze | Verbascum phlomoides | Scrophulariaceae | ja | |||||
| Frühlings-Ehrenpreis | Veronica verna | Scrophulariaceae | ja | |||||
| Pionierpflanzen | ||||||||
| Nickende Distel | Carduus nutans | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Lanzett-Kratzdistel | Cirsium vulgare | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | hoch | |||
| Gewöhnlicher Natternkopf | Echium vulgare | Boraginaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | ja | mittel | mittel | ja | |
| Einjähriger Knäuel | Scleranthus annuus | Caryophyllaceae | ja | |||||
| Ausdauernder Knäuel | Scleranthus perennis | Caryophyllaceae | ||||||
| Gelber Wau | Reseda lutea | Resedaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | mittel | mittel | ||
| Färber-Resede | Reseda luteola | Resedaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Dreifinger-Steinbrech | Saxifraga tridactylites | Saxifragaceae | ja | |||||
| Gewöhnlicher Efeu | Hedera helix | Araliaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Rotbeerige Zaunrübe | Bryonia dioica | Cucurbitaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Schwarze Platterbse | Lathyrus niger | Fabaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Unkräuter | ||||||||
| Weißer Gänsefuß | Chenopodium album | Amaranthaceae | viele Bienenarten | |||||
| Ausdauerndes Gänseblümchen | Bellis perennis | Asteraceae | niedrig | mittel | ||||
| Großer Knorpellattich | Chondrilla juncea | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Acker-Kratzdistel | Cirsium arvense | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | hoch | mittel | |||
| Sumpf-Kratzdistel | Cirsium palustre | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | |||||
| Feinstrahl-Berufkraut | Erigeron annuus | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Saat-Wucherblume | Glebionis segetum | Asteraceae | mittel | hoch | ||||
| Kompass-Lattich | Lactuca serriola | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Lattich | Lactuca spec. | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Gemeiner Rainkohl | Lapsana communis | Asteraceae | niedrig | mittel | ||||
| Strahlenlose Kamille | Matricaria discoidea | Asteraceae | kein | mittel | ||||
| Jakobs-Greiskraut | Senecio jacobaea | Asteraceae | hoch | mittel | ja | |||
| Frühlings-Greiskraut | Senecio vernalis | Asteraceae | ja | |||||
| Gewöhnliches Greiskraut | Senecio vulgaris | Asteraceae | kein | mittel | ||||
| Raue Gänsedistel | Sonchus asper | Asteraceae | mittel | mittel | ||||
| Kohl-Gänsedistel | Sonchus oleraceus | Asteraceae | mittel | mittel | ||||
| Löwenzahn | Taraxacum spec. | Asteraceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge | hoch | hoch | |||
| Geruchlose Kamille | Tripleurospermum inodorum | Asteraceae | hoch | hoch | ||||
| Falsche Strandkamille | Tripleurospermum perforatum | Asteraceae | ||||||
| Drüsiges Springkraut | Impatiens glandulifera | Balsaminaceae | ||||||
| Gewöhnliche Hundszunge | Cynoglossum officinale | Boraginaceae | ||||||
| Gewöhnliche Knoblauchsrauke | Alliaria petiolata | Brassicaceae | Frühlingsbienen | ja | ||||
| Acker-Schmalwand | Arabidopsis thaliana | Brassicaceae | ja | |||||
| Turmkraut | Arabis glabra | Brassicaceae | ||||||
| Behaarte Gänsekresse | Arabis hirsuta | Brassicaceae | ||||||
| Graukresse | Berteroa incana | Brassicaceae | ja | |||||
| Gewöhnliches Hirtentäschel | Capsella bursa-pastoris | Brassicaceae | niedrig | kein | ||||
| Wasabi-Rauke | Diplotaxis erucoides | Brassicaceae | ||||||
| Ungarische Rauke | Sisymbrium altissimum | Brassicaceae | ja | |||||
| Weg-Rauke | Sisymbrium officinale | Brassicaceae | niedrig | niedrig | ||||
| Thymianblättriges Sandkraut | Arenaria serpyllifolia | Caryophyllaceae | ||||||
| Acker-Hornkraut | Cerastium arvense | Caryophyllaceae | ja | ja | ||||
| Quellen-Hornkraut | Cerastium fontanum | Caryophyllaceae | niedrig | niedrig | ||||
| Gewöhnliches Hornkraut | Cerastium holosteoides | Caryophyllaceae | ||||||
| Gras-Sternmiere | Stellaria graminea | Caryophyllaceae | niedrig | niedrig | ||||
| Vogel-Sternmiere | Stellaria media | Caryophyllaceae | niedrig | kein | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Erdrauch | Fumaria officinalis | Fumariaceae | niedrig | niedrig | ||||
| Gewöhnlicher Reiherschnabel | Erodium cicutarium | Geraniaceae | ja | ja | ||||
| Weicher Storchschnabel | Geranium molle | Geraniaceae | niedrig | niedrig | ja | |||
| Kleiner Storchschnabel | Geranium pusillum | Geraniaceae | ||||||
| Stechender Hohlzahn | Galeopsis tetrahit | Lamiaceae | niedrig | |||||
| Weiße Taubnessel | Lamium album | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ||||
| Gefleckte Taubnessel | Lamium maculatum | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | ja | ja | |||
| Purpurrote Taubnessel | Lamium purpureum | Lamiaceae | viele Bienenarten | niedrig | niedrig | |||
| Acker-Winde | Convolvulus arvensis | Liliaceae | ||||||
| Schmalblättriges Weidenröschen | Chamerion angustifolium | Onagraceae | mittel | hoch | ||||
| Spitz-Wegerich | Plantago lanceolata | Plantaginaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | kein | niedrig | |||
| Wegerich | Plantago spec. | Plantaginaceae | viele Bienenarten, Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Acker-Flügelknöterich | Fallopia convolvulus | Polygonaceae | ||||||
| Pfeffer-Knöterich | Persicaria hydropiper | Polygonaceae | ||||||
| Floh-Knöterich | Persicaria maculosa | Polygonaceae | niedrig | kein | ||||
| Acker-Vogelknöterich | Polygonum aviculare | Polygonaceae | niedrig | |||||
| Großer Sauerampfer | Rumex acetosa | Polygonaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Kleiner Sauerampfer | Rumex acetosella | Polygonaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Schwarzer Nachtschatten | Solanum nigrum | Solanaceae | ||||||
| Große Brennnessel | Urtica dioica | Urticaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Gräser | ||||||||
| Wiesen-Knäuelgras | Dactylis glomerata | Poaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Rasen-Schmiele | Deschampsia cespitosa | Poaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Gewöhnliches Pfeifengras | Molinia caerulea | Poaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen) | |||||
| Gewöhnliches Schilf | Phragmites australis | Poaceae | Schmetterlinge (Raupen), Bienen (Nestmaterial) |